What is vulnerability management, and why is it important in cyber defense?

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Vulnerability management is the ongoing process of identifying, evaluating, treating, and reporting on security vulnerabilities in systems and software. It involves regularly scanning networks, applications, and devices to detect weaknesses that attackers could exploit, prioritizing them based on risk, and applying timely remediation such as patches or configuration changes.

The process typically includes four main steps:

1. Identification – Using tools like vulnerability scanners to detect known vulnerabilities.

2. Evaluation – Assessing the severity and risk using metrics like CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System).

3. Remediation – Applying fixes such as patches or workarounds to close the vulnerabilities.

4. Reporting and Verification – Documenting actions taken and verifying that vulnerabilities have been resolved.

Vulnerability management is essential in cyber defense because it helps:

• Reduce attack surfaces by eliminating known weaknesses.

• Prevent breaches and data loss by addressing flaws before they're exploited.

• Maintain compliance with security standards and regulations like ISO 27001, HIPAA, or PCI DSS.

• Support incident response by improving awareness of system vulnerabilities.

Without effective vulnerability management, organizations are at a much higher risk of cyberattacks, making it a foundational component of any robust security strategy.

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