What is the difference between a data breach and a cyber attack?

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A data breach and a cyber attack are related cybersecurity events, but they differ in scope and intent.

Cyber Attack

A cyber attack is a deliberate attempt by malicious actors to gain unauthorized access to systems, networks, or data. These attacks can take many forms, such as:

• Phishing (deceiving users into revealing information)

• Malware or ransomware (infecting systems)

• DDoS attacks (overloading services to cause outages)

• Exploiting vulnerabilities (using flaws in software or networks)

The goal of a cyber attack may not always be to steal data—it could be to disrupt services, corrupt systems, or gain control over IT infrastructure.

Data Breach

A data breach is the unauthorized access, exposure, or retrieval of sensitive data. It often results from a successful cyber attack, but can also happen due to human error, poor security practices, or insider threats. For example:

• A hacker stealing customer records via a security flaw

• A misconfigured database being exposed to the public

• An employee accidentally emailing confidential data

Key Difference

• A cyber attack is the method or action taken.

• A data breach is a consequence, often of a successful attack.

Not all cyber attacks lead to data breaches, and not all data breaches result from malicious cyber attacks—they can also happen accidentally. Understanding this distinction is crucial for designing appropriate cybersecurity strategies and responses.

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