What is intrusion detection and prevention, and how do they work?

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Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) are cybersecurity tools designed to detect and prevent unauthorized access, misuse, or anomalies in a network or system.

Intrusion Detection System (IDS):

• Monitors network traffic or system activities for suspicious behavior.

• Alerts administrators when potential threats (e.g., malware, unauthorized logins) are detected.

• Types:

  • Network-based IDS (NIDS): Monitors packets on the network.

  • Host-based IDS (HIDS): Monitors activity on individual devices (e.g., file changes, logins).

• Detection methods:

  • Signature-based: Matches known patterns (like antivirus).

  • Anomaly-based: Detects deviations from normal behavior.

Limitation: IDS only detects and alerts, but doesn’t block threats.

Intrusion Prevention System (IPS):

• Builds on IDS by actively blocking or stopping threats in real-time.

• Can drop malicious packets, reset connections, or quarantine devices.

• Often deployed inline (in the traffic path), enabling it to act immediately.

How They Work Together:

• IDS identifies threats; IPS responds to them.

• Many modern systems combine both as IDPS, offering real-time detection and automated prevention.

• Often integrated with firewalls, SIEMs, and endpoint security tools for layered defense.

Use Cases:

• Protecting enterprise networks.

• Monitoring cloud environments.

• Securing critical infrastructure.

In summary, IDS and IPS are essential tools for recognizing and responding to cyber threats, helping organizations maintain system integrity and reduce risk.

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