What are the most common types of cyber threats?
Cyber threats come in various forms, targeting organizations, individuals, and governments. The most common types of cyber threats include:
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Malware: Short for malicious software, malware includes viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware. It is designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system. Ransomware, for example, locks or encrypts files and demands payment for their release.
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Phishing: Phishing involves sending fraudulent emails, messages, or websites that appear legitimate to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or other personal data. Phishing can also involve phone calls (vishing) or text messages (smishing).
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Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: In a MITM attack, a cybercriminal intercepts communications between two parties to steal or manipulate data. These attacks often occur in unencrypted or poorly secured communications, such as public Wi-Fi networks.
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Denial of Service (DoS) / Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS): A DoS attack aims to overwhelm a system, network, or website with excessive traffic, making it unavailable to legitimate users. DDoS attacks use multiple compromised systems to carry out large-scale traffic flooding.
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SQL Injection: This occurs when a cybercriminal inserts malicious SQL code into a vulnerable database query, allowing them to view, alter, or delete sensitive data. SQL injections target websites and applications that don't properly validate user input.
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Credential Stuffing: Attackers use stolen usernames and passwords from previous breaches to gain unauthorized access to accounts on different platforms. This works because many users reuse passwords across services.
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Insider Threats: These are threats posed by individuals within an organization, such as employees or contractors, who intentionally or unintentionally misuse their access to steal, expose, or damage company data.
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Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): These are prolonged, targeted attacks where attackers infiltrate a system and remain undetected for long periods to steal sensitive information, often for espionage or financial gain.
Each of these threats can have severe consequences, highlighting the importance of strong cybersecurity measures to protect data and systems.
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